bài này ta có thể giải theo 2 cách 

ta có A = \(\frac{x^2-2x+2011}{x^2}\)

= \(\frac{x^2}{x^2}\)- \(\frac{2x}{x^2}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)

= 1 - \(\frac{2}{x}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)

đặt \(\frac{1}{x}\)= y ta có 

A= 1- 2y + 2011y^2 

cách 1 : 

A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1 

= 2011 ( y^2 - \(\frac{2}{2011}y\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\)) 

= 2011( y^2 - 2.y.\(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\)- \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2011}\)) 

= 2011 \(\left(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\right)+\frac{2010}{2011^2}\)

= 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)

vì ( y - \(\frac{1}{2011}\)) ²>=0 

=> 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)> = \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)

hay A >=\(\frac{2010}{2011}\)

cách 2  

A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1 

= ( \(\sqrt{2011y^2}\)) - 2 . \(\sqrt{2011y}\). \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)

= \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)

vì \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)> =0 

nên \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)>= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)

hay A >= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)

b) \(M=\frac{x^2+1}{x-1}=\frac{x^2-1}{x-1}+\frac{2}{x-1}=\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x-1}+\frac{2}{x-1}=x+1+\frac{2}{x-1}\)

Áp dụng bđt Cô si cho 2 số dương ta được: \(x-1+\frac{2}{x-1}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right).\frac{2}{x-1}}=2\sqrt{2}\)

=>\(M=x+1+\frac{2}{x-1}\ge2\sqrt{2}+2\)

Dấu  "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\sqrt{2}+1\)

c) \(N=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2+4x+5\right)=\left(x^2+4x-5\right)\left(x^2+4x+5\right)=\left(x^2+4x\right)^2-25\)

\(\left(x^2+4x\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x^2+4x\right)^2-25\ge-25\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi (x²+4x)²=0 <=> x²+4x=0 <=> x(x+4)=0 <=> x=0 hoặc x=-4

Áp dụng bđt cosi ta được \(4x+\frac{1}{4x}\ge2\sqrt{4x.\frac{1}{4x}}=2\)
\(x+\frac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}x}=\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow4x+1\ge4\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow4\left(x+1\right)\ge4\sqrt{x}+3\Leftrightarrow-\left(4\sqrt{x}+3\right)\ge-4\left(x+1\right)\Leftrightarrow-\frac{\left(4\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{x+1}\ge-4\)Khi đó \(A\ge2-4+2016=2014\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1/4