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Pt: Ba+2H2O -> Ba(OH)2+H2 (1)
Ba(OH)2+CuSO4 ->Cu(OH)2 \(\downarrow\) +BaSO4 \(\downarrow\)(2)
Ba(OH)2+(NH4)2SO4 ->BaSO4 \(\downarrow\)+2NH3+2H2O (3)
Cu(OH)2\(\underrightarrow{t^0}\)CuO+H2O (4)
BaSO4 \(\underrightarrow{t^0}\) ko xảy ra phản ứng
Theo (1) ta có \(n_{H_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Ba}=\frac{27,4}{137}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{\left(NH_4\right)_2SO_4}=\frac{1,32\cdot500}{132\cdot100}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\frac{2\cdot500}{100\cdot160}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}>n_{\left(NH_4\right)_2SO_4}+n_{CuSO4\:}\) nên Ba(OH)2 dư và 2 muối đều phản ứng hết
Theo (2) ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)
Theo (3) ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{\left(NH_4\right)_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
và \(n_{NH_3}=2n_{\left(NH_4\right)_2SO_4}=0,05\cdot2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Ba\left(OH_2\right)}\text{dư}=0,2-\left(0,05+0,0625\right)=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
a)\(V_{A\left(ĐKTC\right)}=V_{H_2}+V_{NH_3}=\left(0,2+0,1\right)\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b)Theo (4) ta có: \(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{\text{chất rắn}}=m_{BaSO_4}+m_{CuO}=\left(0,0625+0,05\right)\cdot233+0,0625\cdot80=31,2125\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(n_{C_4H_{10}}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{11,6}{58}=0,2mol\)
PTHH: \(2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}8CO_2\uparrow+10H_2O\)
0,2 1,3 0,8 1 mol
\(\rightarrow n_{O_2}=n_{C_4H_{10}}=\frac{13.0,2}{2}=1,3mol\)
\(V_{O_2\left(ĐKTC\right)}=n.22,4=1,3.22,4=29,12l\)
\(\rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{C_4H_{10}}=\frac{8.0,2}{2}=0,8mol\)
\(m_{CO_2}=n.M=0,8.44=35,2g\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2O}=n_{C_4H_{10}}=\frac{10.0,2}{2}=1mol\)
\(m_{H_2O}=n.M=1.18=18g\)
a) \(PT:CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaOH+H_2O\)
b) \(m_{HCl}=\frac{200.10,95\%}{100\%}=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
c) \(n_{NaOH}=2.0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(pưNaOH\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(pưCaCO_3\right)}=0,6-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
d) \(n_{CaCO_3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl\left(pưCaCO_3\right)}=0,5.\frac{1}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25\left(g\right)\)
e) \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
f) \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddA}=25+200-0,25.44=214\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddCaCl_2}=\frac{0,25.111}{214}.100\%=12,97\%\)
\(C\%_{ddHCldư}=\frac{0,1.36,5}{214}.100\%=1,71\%\)
Câu 1:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7}{98.100}=0,3mol\)
2Al+3H2SO4\(\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
-Tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\rightarrow\)Al dư, H2SO4 hết
\(n_{Al\left(pu\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2mol\)
\(n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1mol\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2gam\)
\(m_{dd}=8,1+200-0,1.27-0,3.2=204,8gam\)
C%Al2(SO4)3=\(\dfrac{34,2}{204,8}.100\approx16,7\%\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6}{98.100}=0,4mol\)
MgO+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)MgSO4+H2O
-Tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\rightarrow\)H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pu\right)}=n_{MgO}=0,1mol\)\(\rightarrow\)\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3mol\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.98=9,8gam\)
\(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgO}=0,1mol\)
\(m_{dd}=4+200=204gam\)
C%H2SO4(dư)=\(\dfrac{0,3.98}{204}.100\approx14,4\%\)
C%MgSO4=\(\dfrac{0,1.120}{204}.100\approx5,9\%\)
CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1)
2NaOH + CO2 -> Na2CO3 + H2O (2)
nCaCO3=0,15(mol)
nHCl=0,2(mol)
Vì \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< 0,15\) nên CaCO3 dư
Theo PTHH 1 ta có:
nCO2=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)nHCl=0,1(mol)
Theo PTHH 2 ta có:
nCO2=nNa2CO3=0,1(mol)
mNa2CO3=106.0,1=10,6(g)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=60.7,3\%=4,38\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{4,38}{36,5}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,12}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05.24,79=1,2395\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=n_{NaCl}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,12-0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 2,3 + 60 - 0,05.2 = 62,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,1.58,5}{62,2}.100\%\approx9,41\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,02.36,5}{62,2}.100\%\approx1,17\%\end{matrix}\right.\)