Áp dụng tính chất :

\(\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+m}{b+m}\) ta có :

\(B=\dfrac{10^{1993}+1}{10^{1992}+1}>\dfrac{10^{1993}+1+9}{10^{1992}+1+9}=\dfrac{10^{1993}+10}{10^{1992}+10}=\dfrac{10\left(10^{1992}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{1991}+1\right)}=A\)

\(\Leftrightarrow B>A\)

Ta có: \(2P=2+\dfrac{2}{2^0}+\dfrac{3}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1992}{2^{1990}}\)

\(\Rightarrow2P-P=\left(2+\dfrac{2}{2^0}+\dfrac{3}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1992}{2^{1990}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^0}+\dfrac{2}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1992}{2^{1991}}\right)\)

\(=2-\dfrac{1992}{2^{1991}}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2^0}+\dfrac{1}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{1990}}\right)\)

\(=2-\dfrac{1992}{2^{1991}}+2-\dfrac{1}{2^{1990}}< 4\)

S = \(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{2}{2^1}+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}\)

2.S = \(2+\frac{2}{2^0}+\frac{3}{2^1}+...+\frac{1992}{2^{1990}}\)

=> 2.S - S = \(2+\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1990}}-\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}\)

=> S = \(2-\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}+\left(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1990}}\right)\)

Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1990}}\)

=>2.A = 2 + \(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1989}}\)

=> 2.A - A = 2 - \(\frac{1}{2^{1990}}\)=A

Vậy S = \(4-\frac{1}{2^{1990}}-\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}<4\)

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a.\(\frac{x+1}{10}+\frac{x+1}{11}+\frac{x+1}{12}=\frac{x+1}{13}+\frac{x+1}{14}\Rightarrow\frac{x+1}{10}+\frac{x+1}{11}+\frac{x+1}{12}-\frac{x+1}{13}-\frac{x+1}{14}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{13}-\frac{1}{14}\right)=0\)

Mà: \(\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{13}-\frac{1}{14}\ne0\Rightarrow x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)

b.

\(\frac{x+4}{1990}+\frac{x+3}{1991}=\frac{x+2}{1992}+\frac{x+1}{1993}\Rightarrow2+\frac{x+4}{1990}+\frac{x+3}{1991}=2+\frac{x+2}{1992}+\frac{x+1}{1993}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{x+4}{1990}\right)+\left(1+\frac{x+3}{1991}\right)=\left(1+\frac{x+2}{1992}\right)+\left(1+\frac{x+1}{1993}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+1994}{1990}+\frac{x+1994}{1991}=\frac{x+1994}{1992}+\frac{x+1994}{1993}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+1994}{1990}+\frac{x+1994}{1991}-\frac{x+1994}{1992}-\frac{x+1994}{1993}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1994\right)\left(\frac{1}{1990}+\frac{1}{1991}-\frac{1}{1992}-\frac{1}{1993}\right)=0\)

\(\frac{1}{1990}+\frac{1}{1991}-\frac{1}{1992}-\frac{1}{1993}\ne0\Rightarrow x+1994=0\Rightarrow x=-1994\)

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