Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{a^4}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=k.b^2\\b^2=k.c^3\\c^3=k.a^4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=k.k.c^3=k^2c^3\\c^3=k.a^4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a=k^2.k.a^4\)

\(\Rightarrow a=k^3a^4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(ka\right)^3=1\)

\(\Rightarrow ka=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{k}\) (1)

Thế vào \(c^3=k.a^4\Rightarrow c^3=k.\dfrac{1}{k^4}=\dfrac{1}{k^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow c=\dfrac{1}{k}\) (2)

Thế vào \(b^2=kc^3\Rightarrow b^2=k.\dfrac{1}{k^3}=\dfrac{1}{k^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow b=\dfrac{1}{k}\) hoặc \(b=-\dfrac{1}{k}\) (3)

(1);(2);(3) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\a=c=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{a}\right)=2.2.2=8\)

Th2: \(a=c=-b\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+\dfrac{-b}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{-b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{-b}{-b}\right)=0.0.2=0\)

a)\(\frac{5}{2}-3\left(\frac{1}{3}-x\right)=\frac{1}{4}-7x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{5}{2}-1+x=\frac{1}{4}-7x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8x=-\frac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{5}{32}\)

c)\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{10}+...+\frac{2}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{2001}{2003}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{20}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}\right)=\frac{2001}{2003}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{2001}{4006}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{2001}{4006}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{2001}{4006}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{1}{2003}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=2003\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2002\)

\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{2}{2016}+\dfrac{3}{2015}+...+\dfrac{2016}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2}{2016}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{2015}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2016}{2}+1\right)+1}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2018}{2017}+\dfrac{2018}{2016}+\dfrac{2018}{2015}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{2018}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)

\(A=\dfrac{2018\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}=2018\)

A=\(\frac{1}{2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^3}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2^{2017}}\)

Ax2=1+\(\frac{1}{2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^2}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)

Ax2-A=1-\(\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)

Vậy A=1-\(\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)

Vì 1-\(\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)<1(Vì1-\(\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)>0)

A<1

A < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+....+\dfrac{1}{2016.2017}\)

=> A<\(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}-\dfrac{1}{2017}\)

=> A<\(1-\dfrac{1}{2017}\)

Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2017}>\dfrac{1}{2017^2.2018^2}\) nên \(1-\dfrac{1}{2017}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2017^2.2018^2}\)

=> A<\(\dfrac{1}{2017}\)<B

Vậy A < B

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Lời giải:

\(B=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+....+\frac{2021}{4^{2021}}\)

\(4B=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+...+\frac{2021}{4^{2020}}\)

\(4B-B=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2020}}-\frac{2021}{4^{2021}}\)

\(3B=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2020}}-\frac{2021}{4^{2021}}\)

\(12B=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2019}}-\frac{2021}{4^{2020}}\)

\(9B=4-\frac{6067}{4^{2021}}<4\Rightarrow B< \frac{4}{9}< \frac{1}{2}\)