Ta có :   2a + b + c+ d / a - 1 = a + 2b + c + d / b - 1 = a + b + 2c + d / c - 1 = a + b + c +2d / d - 1

  => a + b + c + d / a =  a + b + c + d / b = a + b + c + d / c = a + b + c + d / d

Xét 2 trường hợp : 

TH1:   a + b + c + d = 0

=> a + b = - ( c + d )   ;   b + c = - ( a + d )   ;   c + d = - ( a + b )

Khi đó M = ( -1 ) . 4 = -4

TH2 :  a + b + c + d  khác 0 

=> a = b = c = d

Khi đó M = 1 . 4 = 4

Vậy M = 4 hoặc M = - 4

Phải sửa đề thành\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}\)

Ta có :\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}+\frac{2a-a}{a+a}=\frac{a}{2a}.4=2\)

mình nói hướng làm cho bạn thôi nhé

nếu bạn đặt \(\frac{a}{b}\)= \(\frac{b}{c}\)=\(\frac{c}{d}\)=\(\frac{d}{a}\)=k vào thay vào rùi sẽ ra

\(\frac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\frac{2c+d}{c-2d}\)

⇒\(\left(2a+b\right)\cdot\left(c-2d\right)=\left(2c+d\right)\cdot\left(a-2b\right)\)

⇒\(\frac{2a+b}{2c+d}=\frac{a-2b}{c-2d} \)

Có \(\frac{2a+b}{2c+d}=\frac{a-2b}{c-2d} \)

⇒\(\frac{2a+b}{2c+d}=\frac{a-2b}{c-2d}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a}{c}=\frac{2b}{2d}\) (dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)

\(⇒\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a}{c} ⇒ad=bc ⇒\ \frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)

bạn đọc không hiểu chỗ nào thì cứ hỏi nhé!!!

\(A=\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

Với a + b + c + d = 0      => a + b = - ( c + d )

=> \(A=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)

Với \(a+b+c+d\ne0\) => a = b = c = d

=> \(A=1+1+1+1=4\)

Ta có: \(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)(1)

TH1: a + b + c + d =0

=> a + b = -c - d

     b + c = - a - d

     a + c = -b - d

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+a}{b+d}\)

    \(=\frac{-c-d}{c+d}+\frac{-a-d}{a+d}+\frac{-b-d}{b+d}\)

    \(=\frac{-\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}+\frac{-\left(a+d\right)}{a+d}+\frac{-\left(b+d\right)}{b+d}\)

    \(=-1+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-3\)

TH2: \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)

Từ (1) => a = b = c =d

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+a}{b+d}\)

\(=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{b+b}{b+b}+\frac{c+c}{c+c}\)

  \(=1+1+1=3\)

\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

+) Xét \(a+b+c+d=0\)

Suy ra : 

\(a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)

\(b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\)

\(c+a=-\left(b+d\right)\)

\(d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\)

Do đó : \(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{d+a}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{c+b}\)

\(M=\frac{-\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}+\frac{-\left(d+a\right)}{d+a}+\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{-\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}\)

\(M=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)\)

\(M=-4\)

+) Xét \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}=4\)

Do đó : 

\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4a\) \(\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4b\) \(\left(2\right)\)

\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4c\) \(\left(3\right)\)

\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c+d=4d\) \(\left(4\right)\)

Từ (1), (2), (3) và (4) suy ra \(4a=4b=4c=4d\) \(\left(=a+b+c+d\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=d\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\frac{a+a}{a+a}+\frac{b+b}{b+b}+\frac{c+c}{c+c}+\frac{d+d}{d+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=1+1+1+1=4\)

Vậy \(M=-4\) hoặc \(M=4\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

Ta có : 

\(2a+2b+2c=by+cz+ax+cz+ax+by\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\left(ax+by+cz\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c=ax+by+cz\)

+) \(a+b+c=ax+\left(by+cz\right)=ax+2a=a\left(x+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{a}{a+b+c}\) \(\left(1\right)\)

+) \(a+b+c=by+\left(ax+cz\right)=by+2b=b\left(y+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{y+2}=\frac{b}{a+b+c}\) \(\left(2\right)\)

+) \(a+b+c=cz+\left(ax+by\right)=cz+2c=c\left(z+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{c}{a+b+c}\) \(\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra \(M=\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}\)

\(M=\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}\)

\(M=\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)

Vậy \(M=1\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~