ặt x+1=tx+1=t thì t>0t>0 và  x=-1+tx=−1+t. Ta có

           2x+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=2\left(-1+t\right)+\dfrac{1}{t^2}=-2+t+t+\dfrac{1}{t^2}2x+(x+1)21​=2(−1+t)+t21​=−2+t+t+t21​

                                                                       \ge-2+3\sqrt[3]{t.t.\dfrac{1}{t^2}}=-2+3=1≥−2+33t.t.t21​​=−2+3=1  

1

Ta có:

\(21b+\frac{3}{a}=\frac{3}{a}+\frac{a}{3}+\frac{62a}{3}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3}{a}.\frac{a}{3}}+\frac{62.3}{3}=2+62=64\left(a\ge3\right)\left(1\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{a}=\frac{a}{3}\)và  \(a=3\Leftrightarrow a=3\)

\(\frac{21}{b}+3b=\frac{21}{b}+\frac{7b}{3}+\frac{2b}{3}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{21}{b}.\frac{7b}{3}}+\frac{2.3}{3}=14+2=16\left(b\ge3\right)\left(2\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{21}{b}=\frac{7b}{3}\)và  \(b=3\Leftrightarrow b=3\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra điều cần chứng minh.

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=3\)

\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left[\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\right]^2}{x^2y^2}-\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}-\dfrac{3}{xy}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy}{x^2y^2}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2y^2}\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

x^8 - x^7 + x^2 - x + 1 

= x^7(x-1) + x(x-1) +1

= (x-1)(x^7 + x) + 1

= (x^2-x)(x^6+1) + 1

Ta có: x^2 - x lớn hơn hoặc = 0; x^6 + 1 >0

=> (x^2-x)(x^6+1) lơn hơn hoặc bằng 0

=> (x^2+1)(x^6+1) + 1 > 0

=> x^8 - x^7 + x^2 - x + 1 > 0 (đpcm)

1. 

PT $\Leftrightarrow y^2+2xy+x^2=x^2+3x+2$

$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2=(x+1)(x+2)$

Với $x\in\mathbb{Z}$ dễ thấy rằng $(x+1,x+2)=1$. Do đó để tích của chúng là scp thì $x+1,x+2$ cũng là những scp.

Đặt $x+1=a^2, x+2=b^2$ với $a,b\in\mathbb{N}$

$\Rightarrow b^2-a^2=1\Leftrightarrow (b-a)(b+a)=1$

Với $a,b\in\mathbb{N}$ dễ thấy $b-a=b+a=1$

$\Rightarrow b=1; a=0$

$\Rightarrow x=-1$

$(x+y)^2=(x+1)(x+2)=0\Rightarrow y=-x=1$
Vậy $(x,y)=(-1,1)$

2.

Đặt $x-1=a$ thì bài toán trở thành:

Cho $a,y>0$. CMR:

$\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{a^3}{y^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}\geq 3(\frac{1-2a}{a}+\frac{a+1}{y})$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{a^3}{y^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+6\geq \frac{3}{a}+\frac{3a}{y}+\frac{3}{y}$
BĐT trên luôn đúng do theo BĐT AM-GM thì:

$\frac{1}{a^3}+1+1\geq \frac{3}{a}$
$\frac{1}{y^3}+1+1\geq \frac{3}{y}$

$\frac{a^3}{y^3}+1+1\geq \frac{3a}{y}$

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=y=1$

$\Leftrightarrow x=2; y=1$

\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3}}}{xy}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{xy}}\)

Tương tự \(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{yz}};\dfrac{\sqrt{1+x^3+z^3}}{xz}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{xz}}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\ge\sqrt{3}.\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}=3\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1

Ta có:

\(VT=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xy}+\frac{xy+yz+zx}{yz}+\frac{xy+yz+zx}{zx}\)

\(VT=3+\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\) (1)

Mặt khác:

\(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{zx\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{xy^2z}}=2\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{y^2}}=\frac{2\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}}{y}=\frac{2\sqrt{y^2+1}}{y}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}\) ; \(\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{zx}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{z^2+1}}{z}\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(\frac{z\left(x+y\right)}{xy}+\frac{x\left(y+z\right)}{yz}+\frac{y\left(x+z\right)}{xz}\ge\frac{\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{y^2+1}}{y}+\frac{\sqrt{z^2+1}}{z}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=...\)