\({x^2} = {4^2} + {2^2} = 20 \Rightarrow x = 2\sqrt 5 \)

\({y^2} = {5^2} - {4^2} = 9 \Leftrightarrow y = 3\)

\({z^2} = {\left( {\sqrt 5 } \right)^2} + {\left( {2\sqrt 5 } \right)^2} = 25 \Rightarrow z = 5\)

\({t^2} = {1^2} + {2^2} = 5 \Rightarrow t = \sqrt 5 \)

Đặt \(a=\dfrac{1}{x};b=\dfrac{1}{y};c=\dfrac{1}{z}\Rightarrow xyz=1\) và \(x;y;z>0\)

Gọi biểu thức cần tìm GTNN là P, ta có:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{x^3}\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{y^3}\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{z^3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^3yz}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^3zx}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^3xy}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{y+z+z+x+x+y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(P_{min}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)

Những tam giác đồng dạng là 

- Tam giác ABC đồng dạng với tam giác EDF với tỉ số đồng dạng là 1

- Tam giác MPN đồng dạng với tam giác ABC với tỉ số đồng dạng là \(\frac{1}{2}\)

- Tam giác MPN đồng dạng với tam giác EDF với tỉ số đồng dạng là \(\frac{1}{2}\)

18, \(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x^2}{8}=0\Leftrightarrow4x+x^2=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4;x=0\)

19, \(4-x=2\left(x-4\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)-2\left(4-x\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left[1-2\left(4-x\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(4-x\right)\left(-7+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=4;x=\frac{7}{2}\)

20, \(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2x-4=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+3>0\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

21, \(x^4-16x^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=0;x=\pm4\)

22, \(\left(x-5\right)^3-x+5=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)^3-\left(x-5\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left[\left(x-5\right)^2-1\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x-6\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=4;x=5;x=6\)

23, \(5\left(x-2\right)-x^2+4=0\Leftrightarrow5\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(5-x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=2;x=3\)

a.

\(A=\left(\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x\left(x-2\right)}+\dfrac{x-2}{x}\right):\dfrac{x+1}{x}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{x}+\dfrac{x+2}{x}+\dfrac{x-2}{x}\right):\dfrac{x+1}{x}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{x^2+3x+1}{x}\right).\dfrac{x}{x+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+3x+1}{x+1}\)

2.

\(x^3-4x^3+3x=0\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-4x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(loại\right)\\x=1\left(loại\right)\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(x=3\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{3^2+3.3+1}{3+1}=\dfrac{19}{4}\)

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